saying, “He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in him.” So here are the “rulers and authorities” that he referred to in Colossians 1:16. They are evil. Jesus died to disarm them. They turn up again in Ephesians 6:12: “We do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities.” They are, Paul says, “the cosmic powers over this present darkness … the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places.” They are evil
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